an expression exhibiting constructional homonymity or having two or more structural descriptions
syntax
the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language
semantics
the study of linguistic development by classifying and examining changes in meaning and form
meaning
the cultural correlate, reference, or denotation of an expression separate from linguistic content
hierarchy
the system of levels according to which a language is organized, as phonemic, morphemic, syntactic, or semantic
contrast
to differ in a way that can serve to distinguish meanings: The sounds (p) and (b) contrast in the words "pin" and "bin."?
lexicon
the total inventory of morphemes in a given language plus their combinations with additional and derivative morphemes
tone
a movement in pitch serving to distinguish two words otherwise composed of the same sounds
acquisition
the act or process of achieving mastery of a language
strident
characterized acoustically by noise of relatively high intensity, as sibilants, labiodentals and uvular fricatives, and most affricates
anterior
distinctive feature analysis articulated in the region extending from the alveolar ridge to the lips; alveolar, dental, labial
asterisk
a star (*) used to mark utterance that would be considered ungrammatical or otherwise unacceptable by native speakers of a language
comment
the part of a sentence that communicates new information about the topic
morphology
the patterns of word formation in a particular language, including inflection, derivation, and composition
cognate
descended from the same language or form
blend
a word made by putting together parts of other words; motel, brunch, guesstimate
morph
a sequence of phonemes constituting a minimal unit of grammar or syntax, and, as such, a representation, member, or contextual variant of a morpheme in a specific environment
utterance
any speech sequence consisting of one or more words and preceded and followed by silence
umlaut
a mark (?) used as a diacritic over a vowel, as ?, ?, ?, to indicate a vowel sound different from that of the letter without the diacritic
typology
the classification of languages according to structural features such as patterns of phonology, morphology, and syntax, excluding their histories
informant
a native speaker of a language who supplies utterances and forms for one analyzing or learning the language
lexeme
a unit within a language, such as a word or base; vocabulary item
signified
the thing or concept denoted by a sign
idiolect
a person's individual speech pattern
allomorph
one of the alternate contextually determined phonological shapes of a morpheme; ox, oxen
focal area
an area whose dialect has exerted influence on the dialects of surrounding areas, as reflected in an geography more or less concentrically surrounding it
unmarked
characterized by the absence of a distinctive phonological feature, such as (p) in contrast to (b), which lacks the distinctive feature of voicing
distinctive feature
a component or phonetic form characterizing a phoneme
semantic field
an area of human experience or perception that is delimited and subcategorized by a set of interrelated vocabulary
dialect atlas
a collection of maps of a certain area indicating the distribution of various phonological, morphological, lexical, or other features of the dialects of that area
language death
the complete displacement of one language by another in a population of speakers
matrix sentence
a sentence in which another sentence is embedded: In 'The man who called is waiting,' 'The man is waiting' is a matrix sentence
citation form
the spoken form a word has when produced in isolation, such as for illustration, as distinguished from the form it would have when produced in the normal stream of speech
phrase structure tree
a structural representation of a sentence in the form of an inverted tree, with each node of the tree labeled according to the phrasal constituent it represents
generative phonology
a theory of phonology that uses a set of rules to derive phonetic representations from abstract underlying forms
well-formed
conforming to the rules of a language
phrase structure
the hierarchical arrangement of the constituent words and phrases of a sentence
consonant shift
a set of changes that take place in the articulation of one or more consonant phonemes between an earlier and a later stage of a language
intimate borrowing
the borrowing of linguistic forms by one language or dialect from another when both occupy a single geographical or cultural community
complement clause
a subordinate clause that functions as the subject, direct object, or prepositional object of a verb
ambiguous
an expression exhibiting constructional homonymity or having two or more structural descriptions
syntax
the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language
semantics
the study of linguistic development by classifying and examining changes in meaning and form
meaning
the cultural correlate, reference, or denotation of an expression separate from linguistic content
hierarchy
the system of levels according to which a language is organized, as phonemic, morphemic, syntactic, or semantic
contrast
to differ in a way that can serve to distinguish meanings: The sounds (p) and (b) contrast in the words "pin" and "bin."?
lexicon
the total inventory of morphemes in a given language plus their combinations with additional and derivative morphemes
tone
a movement in pitch serving to distinguish two words otherwise composed of the same sounds
acquisition
the act or process of achieving mastery of a language
strident
characterized acoustically by noise of relatively high intensity, as sibilants, labiodentals and uvular fricatives, and most affricates
anterior
distinctive feature analysis articulated in the region extending from the alveolar ridge to the lips; alveolar, dental, labial
asterisk
a star (*) used to mark utterance that would be considered ungrammatical or otherwise unacceptable by native speakers of a language
comment
the part of a sentence that communicates new information about the topic
morphology
the patterns of word formation in a particular language, including inflection, derivation, and composition
cognate
descended from the same language or form
blend
a word made by putting together parts of other words; motel, brunch, guesstimate
morph
a sequence of phonemes constituting a minimal unit of grammar or syntax, and, as such, a representation, member, or contextual variant of a morpheme in a specific environment
utterance
any speech sequence consisting of one or more words and preceded and followed by silence
umlaut
a mark (?) used as a diacritic over a vowel, as ?, ?, ?, to indicate a vowel sound different from that of the letter without the diacritic
typology
the classification of languages according to structural features such as patterns of phonology, morphology, and syntax, excluding their histories
informant
a native speaker of a language who supplies utterances and forms for one analyzing or learning the language
lexeme
a unit within a language, such as a word or base; vocabulary item
signified
the thing or concept denoted by a sign
idiolect
a person's individual speech pattern
allomorph
one of the alternate contextually determined phonological shapes of a morpheme; ox, oxen
focal area
an area whose dialect has exerted influence on the dialects of surrounding areas, as reflected in an geography more or less concentrically surrounding it
unmarked
characterized by the absence of a distinctive phonological feature, such as (p) in contrast to (b), which lacks the distinctive feature of voicing
distinctive feature
a component or phonetic form characterizing a phoneme
semantic field
an area of human experience or perception that is delimited and subcategorized by a set of interrelated vocabulary
dialect atlas
a collection of maps of a certain area indicating the distribution of various phonological, morphological, lexical, or other features of the dialects of that area
language death
the complete displacement of one language by another in a population of speakers
matrix sentence
a sentence in which another sentence is embedded: In 'The man who called is waiting,' 'The man is waiting' is a matrix sentence
citation form
the spoken form a word has when produced in isolation, such as for illustration, as distinguished from the form it would have when produced in the normal stream of speech
phrase structure tree
a structural representation of a sentence in the form of an inverted tree, with each node of the tree labeled according to the phrasal constituent it represents
generative phonology
a theory of phonology that uses a set of rules to derive phonetic representations from abstract underlying forms
well-formed
conforming to the rules of a language
phrase structure
the hierarchical arrangement of the constituent words and phrases of a sentence
consonant shift
a set of changes that take place in the articulation of one or more consonant phonemes between an earlier and a later stage of a language
intimate borrowing
the borrowing of linguistic forms by one language or dialect from another when both occupy a single geographical or cultural community
complement clause
a subordinate clause that functions as the subject, direct object, or prepositional object of a verb
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