The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire. Also known as the Byzantine Empire.
Roman Empire
A later empire, as that of Charlemagne or the Byzantine Empire, regarded as a restoration or continuation of the ancient Roman Empire or one of its branches.
Eastern Roman Empire
Also known as the Byzantine Empire after the division in 395 A.D. Capital was at Constantinople. Survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D.
Western Roman Empire
The western portion of the Roman Empire after its division in 395 A.D. Became extinct in 476 A.D.
Norman
A member of the branch of the Northmen or Scandinavians who, in the 10th century, conquered Normandy.
Aragon
A region in northeast Spain. Formerly a kingdom; later a province.
Angevin
Relating to the counts of Anjou or their descendants, especially those who ruled in England, or to the period during which they ruled.
Hungary
A republic in central Europe; one of the richest kingdoms in Medieval Europe.
France
A republic in western Europe; a powerful kingdom in Medieval Europe.
Kievan Rus
The political center of a loose federation of states; a principality which occupied a vast area of Eurasia, from Scandinavia to the Ukraine.
Spain
A kingdom in southwest Europe.
Austria
A republic in central Europe; home to the powerful Habsburg dynasty; one of the largest empires in Europe.
Ottoman Empire
A former Turkish empire that was founded around 1300 by Osman and reached its greatest territorial extent under Suleiman in the 16th century; collapsed after World War I.
Russia
A former empire in eastern Europe and north and west Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution in 1917.
crusades
Any of the military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
crusader states
Mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land (ancient and modern Israel and the Palestinian region).
First Crusade
A Crusade from 1096 to 1099; captured Jerusalem and created a theocracy there.
Second Crusade
A Crusade from 1145 to 1147 that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and led to the loss of Jerusalem in 1187.
Third Crusades
A Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal.
Fourth Crusade
A Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem.
Children's Crusade
A Crusade to recover Jerusalem from the Saracens, undertaken in 1212 by thousands of French and German children who perished, were sold into slavery, or were turned back.
Fifth Crusade
A Crusade under papal control from 1218 to 1221 that achieved military victories but failed when dissension arose over accepting the terms they had been offered.
Sixth Crusade
A Crusade from 1228 to 1229 led by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who fell ill and was excommunicated by the Pope. By negotiation, Frederick II was able to crown himself king of Jerusalem.
Seventh Crusade
A Crusade initiated in 1248 after the loss of Jerusalem in 1244 and defeated in 1249.
Carolingian Empire
The Frankish dynasty that reigned in France in 751 A.D.
Constantinople
The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire. Also known as the Byzantine Empire.
Roman Empire
A later empire, as that of Charlemagne or the Byzantine Empire, regarded as a restoration or continuation of the ancient Roman Empire or one of its branches.
Eastern Roman Empire
Also known as the Byzantine Empire after the division in 395 A.D. Capital was at Constantinople. Survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D.
Western Roman Empire
The western portion of the Roman Empire after its division in 395 A.D. Became extinct in 476 A.D.
Norman
A member of the branch of the Northmen or Scandinavians who, in the 10th century, conquered Normandy.
Aragon
A region in northeast Spain. Formerly a kingdom; later a province.
Angevin
Relating to the counts of Anjou or their descendants, especially those who ruled in England, or to the period during which they ruled.
Hungary
A republic in central Europe; one of the richest kingdoms in Medieval Europe.
France
A republic in western Europe; a powerful kingdom in Medieval Europe.
Kievan Rus
The political center of a loose federation of states; a principality which occupied a vast area of Eurasia, from Scandinavia to the Ukraine.
Spain
A kingdom in southwest Europe.
Austria
A republic in central Europe; home to the powerful Habsburg dynasty; one of the largest empires in Europe.
Ottoman Empire
A former Turkish empire that was founded around 1300 by Osman and reached its greatest territorial extent under Suleiman in the 16th century; collapsed after World War I.
Russia
A former empire in eastern Europe and north and west Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution in 1917.
crusades
Any of the military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
crusader states
Mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land (ancient and modern Israel and the Palestinian region).
First Crusade
A Crusade from 1096 to 1099; captured Jerusalem and created a theocracy there.
Second Crusade
A Crusade from 1145 to 1147 that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and led to the loss of Jerusalem in 1187.
Third Crusades
A Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal.
Fourth Crusade
A Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem.
Children's Crusade
A Crusade to recover Jerusalem from the Saracens, undertaken in 1212 by thousands of French and German children who perished, were sold into slavery, or were turned back.
Fifth Crusade
A Crusade under papal control from 1218 to 1221 that achieved military victories but failed when dissension arose over accepting the terms they had been offered.
Sixth Crusade
A Crusade from 1228 to 1229 led by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who fell ill and was excommunicated by the Pope. By negotiation, Frederick II was able to crown himself king of Jerusalem.
Seventh Crusade
A Crusade initiated in 1248 after the loss of Jerusalem in 1244 and defeated in 1249.
Carolingian Empire
The Frankish dynasty that reigned in France in 751 A.D.
Flash Cards
