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Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds

Word List with 79 words
By Dictionary.com

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adenine

noun

purine base, one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids

alpha helix

noun

rod like spatial configuration of many protein molecules

amino acid

noun

group of organic compounds containing one or more amino groups and one or more carboxyl groups

antidiuretic hormone (adh)

noun, plural

secretory vesicles with a carrier protein (neurophysin) both are released upon hormone secretion

atom

noun

smallest component of an element consisting of a nucleus containing a blend of neutrons and protons

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beta pleated sheet

noun

secondary structure in proteins in which two or more strands of the polypeptide chain lay parallel

bond

noun

something that binds, fastens, confines or holds together

capillary action

noun

action by which the surface of a liquid where it is in contact with a solid is elevated/depressed

carbohydrate

noun

any of a class of organic compounds that are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones

carbon

noun

widely distributed element that forms organic compounds in combination with hydrogen and oxygen

carbon atom

noun

an atom of carbon

carboxyl group

noun

present in and characteristic of organic acids

chemical formula

noun

representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements

chemical property

noun

property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity

cholesterol

noun

sterol that occurs in all animal tissues functioning as protective agent in the skin and nerve cells

cohesion

noun

molecular force between particles within a body or substance that acts to unite them

compound molecule

noun

contains at least two different elements

covalent

noun

sharing of electrons

cytosine

noun

pyrimidine base, fundamental components of DNA and RNA when paired with guanine

deoxyribonucleic acid

noun

full name for DNA

deoxyribose

noun

carbohydrates derived from ribose by the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom

disaccharide

noun

any of a group of carbohydrates, as sucrose or lactose, that yield monosaccharides on hydrolysis

electron

noun

elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of matter, having a negative charge

elements

noun

component of a whole or one of the parts into which a whole may be resolved by analysis

energy

noun

power to do work, such as the capacity to move an object by the application of force

estrogen

noun

any of several major female sex hormones produced primarily by the ovarian follicles of females

fructose

noun

yellowish to white, crystalline, water-soluble, levorotatory ketose sugar

glucose

noun

sugar having several optically different forms, not naturally occurring

glycogen

noun

white, tasteless polysaccharide molecularly similar to starch

guanine

noun

purine base, fundamental constituent of DNA and RNA when paired with cytosine

hemoglobin

noun

oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells, gives them their red color, transports oxygen to tissues

hydrocarbon

noun

any of a class of compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon

hydrogen bond

noun

hydrogen atom forms an electrostatic link with another electronegative atom

hydrophillic

noun

able to interact with water through hydrogen bonding process

hydrophobic

adjective

having little or no affinity for water

inorganic compounds

noun

any compound that is lacking carbon atoms or ionically bound to other atoms when atoms are present

ionic bond

noun

electrostatic bond between two ions formed through the transfer of one or more electrons

ionic substance

noun

liquid in which the substance is dissolved forming a solution

lipid

noun

any of a group of organic compounds that are greasy, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol

macromolecule

noun

very large molecule composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms

matter

noun

substance or substances of which any physical object consists or is composed

molecule

noun

smallest particle of a substance composed of one or more atoms

monomer

noun

molecule of low weight capable of reacting with identical or different molecules to form a polymer

monosaccharide

noun

carbohydrate that does not hydrolyze

negative charge

noun

having a surplus of electrons; having a lower electric potential

neutron

noun

elementary particle having no charge, mass slightly greater than that of a proton

nitrogen

noun

colorless, odorless, gaseous element, constitutes about four-fifths the volume of the atmosphere

nitrogen base

noun

nitrogen-containing molecule with basic properties

nonpolar covalent bond

noun

electrons are shared evenly

nucleic acid

noun

group of long, linear macromolecules that carry genetic information directing all cellular functions

organic molecules

noun

smallest units of organic compounds

oxygen

noun

colorless, odorless, gaseous element constituting about one-fifth the volume of the atmosphere

peptide bond

noun

covalent bond formed by joining carboxyl group of one amino acid to amino group of another

phosphate

noun

tertiary salt of orthophosphoric acid as sodium phosphate

phospholopid

noun

lipid that has one or more phosphate groups attached to it

polar covalent

noun

electrons in closer proximity to the oxygen nucleus than to the hydrogen nucleus

polymer

noun

compound of high molecular weight derived by the addition or condensation of many smaller molecules

polypeptide

noun

chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, molecular weight of up to about 10,000

polysaccharide

noun

carbohydrate as starch, insulin, cellulose, contains three or more monosaccharide units per molecule

polyunsaturated fatty acid

noun

unsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has more than double or triple valence bond per molecule

positive charge

noun

having a deficiency of electrons; having a higher electric potential

primary structure

noun

basic sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein

protein

noun

plant or animal tissue rich in such molecules supplying essential amino acids to the body

proton

noun

positively charged elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of all atomic nuclei

quaternary structure

noun

basic structural relationship of the components of a polypeptide

ribonucleic acid

noun

full name for RNA

saccharide

noun

organic compound containing a sugar or sugars

saturated fatty acid

noun

fatty acid whose carbon chain contains no unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms

soluble

adjective

capable of being dissolved or liquefied

solvent

adjective

having the power of dissolving; causing solution

starch

noun

white, tasteless, solid carbohydrate occurring as minute granules in the seeds, tubers of plants

steroid

noun

large group of fat-soluble organic compounds most of which have specific physiological action.

sucrose

noun

crystalline disaccharide, sugar obtained from the sugarcane, the sugar beet, and sorghum

surface tension

noun

elastic like force existing in the surface of a body

tertiary structure

noun

helixes or beta structures of a polypeptide are folded into a three-dimensional configuration

testosterone

noun

sex hormone secreted by the testes, stimulates the development of male sex organs

thymine

noun

pyrimidine base that is one of the principal components of DNA when paired with adenine

triglyceride

noun

an ester obtained from glycerol by the esterification of three hydroxyl groups with fatty acids

uracil

noun

pyrimidine base, fundamental components of RNA when paired with adenine

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