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Cell Division Vocabulary

Word List with 42 words
*By Dictionary.com

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Words in This List

anaphase
noun
stage in mitosis or meiosis after metaphase, daughter chromosomes divide to opposite ends of cell
cell division
noun
the process by which cells multiply involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic division
cell growth
adjective
one cell (mother cell) grows and divides to produce two daughter cells
cleavage furrow
noun
ring that separates two newborn cells after mitosis
codon
noun
triplet of adjacent nucleotides coded for specific amino acid in the synthesis of protein molecule
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complimentary dna
noun
single-stranded DNA synthesized using the messenger RNA as a template
cytosol
noun
fluid portion that remains after removal of the organelles and other intracellular structures
daughter cell
noun
either of the two identical cells that form when a cell divides
deletion mutation
noun
gene mutation involving deletion/addition of nucleotides causing a shift in the frame of codons
dna
noun
deoxyribonucleic acid
dna helix
noun
spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA
dna polymerase
noun
any polymerases that promote replication of DNA usually using single-stranded DNA as template
dna replication
noun
process of making an identical copy of a section of duplex (double-stranded) DNA
duplication of dna
adjective
occurrence of a chromosomal segment more than twice in a diploid cell or organism
frameshift mutation
noun
mutation caused by frameshift
gamete
noun
mature sexual reproductive cell that unites with another cell to form new organism
genetic coding
noun
rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells
haploid
adjective
single set of chromosomes
helicase
noun
any of various enzymes that catalyze the separation of double-stranded DNA, RNA during replication
insertion mutation
noun
type of mutation resulting from the addition of extra nucleotides in a DNA sequence or chromosome
lagging strand
noun
strand of DNA double helix that adapts allowing replication fork to move along in a 5' to 3' manner
ligase
noun
any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules
messenger rna
noun
single-stranded molecule of RNA that is synthesized in the nucleus then enters the cytoplasm
metaphase
noun
stage in mitosis or meiosis when duplicated chromosomes couple with equatorial plate of the spindle
metaphase plate
noun
plane cell section in equatorial plane of the metaphase spindle with chromosomes oriented upon it
mutagen
noun
substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation
mutation
noun
act or process of changing
nucleotide
noun
any of a group of molecules that when linked together form components of DNA or RNA
primase
noun
function that synthesizes a short RNA primer used during DNA replication
prophase
noun
first stage of mitosis in eukaryotic cell division, strands of chromatin form into chromosomes
protein synthesis
noun
process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins
replication fork
noun
Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication
ribosomal rna
noun
type of abundant RNA functioning in protein synthesis as a component of ribosomes
ribosome subunit
noun
minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm of living cells
rna
noun
ribonucleic acid
s phase
noun
period of the cell cycle prior to mitosis during which the chromosomes are replicated
spindle fibers
noun
occurrence of a chromosomal segment more than twice in a diploid cell or organism
substitution mutation
noun
type of point mutation in which a single nucleotide is substituted with a different nucleotide
telophase
noun
final stage of mitosis, second division of meiosis
template strand (dna)
noun
sequence of DNA that is copied during mRNA synthesis
transfer rna
noun
small RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain
zygote
noun
cell produced by the union of two gametes before it undergoes cleavage

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