Printable Cell Division Vocabulary flash cards
42 words
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| anaphase |
stage in mitosis or meiosis after metaphase, daughter chromosomes divide to opposite ends of cell |
| cell division |
the process by which cells multiply involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic division |
| cell growth |
one cell (mother cell) grows and divides to produce two daughter cells |
| cleavage furrow |
ring that separates two newborn cells after mitosis |
| codon |
triplet of adjacent nucleotides coded for specific amino acid in the synthesis of protein molecule |
| complimentary dna |
single-stranded DNA synthesized using the messenger RNA as a template |
| cytosol |
fluid portion that remains after removal of the organelles and other intracellular structures |
| daughter cell |
either of the two identical cells that form when a cell divides |
| deletion mutation |
gene mutation involving deletion/addition of nucleotides causing a shift in the frame of codons |
| dna |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
| dna helix |
spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA |
| dna polymerase |
any polymerases that promote replication of DNA usually using single-stranded DNA as template |
| dna replication |
process of making an identical copy of a section of duplex (double-stranded) DNA |
| duplication of dna |
occurrence of a chromosomal segment more than twice in a diploid cell or organism |
| frameshift mutation |
mutation caused by frameshift |
| gamete |
mature sexual reproductive cell that unites with another cell to form new organism |
| genetic coding |
rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells |
| haploid |
single set of chromosomes |
| helicase |
any of various enzymes that catalyze the separation of double-stranded DNA, RNA during replication |
| insertion mutation |
type of mutation resulting from the addition of extra nucleotides in a DNA sequence or chromosome |
| lagging strand |
strand of DNA double helix that adapts allowing replication fork to move along in a 5' to 3' manner |
| ligase |
any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules |
| messenger rna |
single-stranded molecule of RNA that is synthesized in the nucleus then enters the cytoplasm |
| metaphase |
stage in mitosis or meiosis when duplicated chromosomes couple with equatorial plate of the spindle |
| metaphase plate |
plane cell section in equatorial plane of the metaphase spindle with chromosomes oriented upon it |
| mutagen |
substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation |
| mutation |
act or process of changing |
| nucleotide |
any of a group of molecules that when linked together form components of DNA or RNA |
| primase |
function that synthesizes a short RNA primer used during DNA replication |
| prophase |
first stage of mitosis in eukaryotic cell division, strands of chromatin form into chromosomes |
| protein synthesis |
process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins |
| replication fork |
Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication |
| ribosomal rna |
type of abundant RNA functioning in protein synthesis as a component of ribosomes |
| ribosome subunit |
minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm of living cells |
| s phase |
period of the cell cycle prior to mitosis during which the chromosomes are replicated |
| spindle fibers |
occurrence of a chromosomal segment more than twice in a diploid cell or organism |
| substitution mutation |
type of point mutation in which a single nucleotide is substituted with a different nucleotide |
| telophase |
final stage of mitosis, second division of meiosis |
| template strand (dna) |
sequence of DNA that is copied during mRNA synthesis |
| transfer rna |
small RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain |
| zygote |
cell produced by the union of two gametes before it undergoes cleavage |
| anaphase |
stage in mitosis or meiosis after metaphase, daughter chromosomes divide to opposite ends of cell |
| cell division |
the process by which cells multiply involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic division |
| cell growth |
one cell (mother cell) grows and divides to produce two daughter cells |
| cleavage furrow |
ring that separates two newborn cells after mitosis |
| codon |
triplet of adjacent nucleotides coded for specific amino acid in the synthesis of protein molecule |
| complimentary dna |
single-stranded DNA synthesized using the messenger RNA as a template |
| cytosol |
fluid portion that remains after removal of the organelles and other intracellular structures |
| daughter cell |
either of the two identical cells that form when a cell divides |
| deletion mutation |
gene mutation involving deletion/addition of nucleotides causing a shift in the frame of codons |
| dna |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
| dna helix |
spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA |
| dna polymerase |
any polymerases that promote replication of DNA usually using single-stranded DNA as template |
| dna replication |
process of making an identical copy of a section of duplex (double-stranded) DNA |
| duplication of dna |
occurrence of a chromosomal segment more than twice in a diploid cell or organism |
| frameshift mutation |
mutation caused by frameshift |
| gamete |
mature sexual reproductive cell that unites with another cell to form new organism |
| genetic coding |
rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells |
| haploid |
single set of chromosomes |
| helicase |
any of various enzymes that catalyze the separation of double-stranded DNA, RNA during replication |
| insertion mutation |
type of mutation resulting from the addition of extra nucleotides in a DNA sequence or chromosome |
| lagging strand |
strand of DNA double helix that adapts allowing replication fork to move along in a 5' to 3' manner |
| ligase |
any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules |
| messenger rna |
single-stranded molecule of RNA that is synthesized in the nucleus then enters the cytoplasm |
| metaphase |
stage in mitosis or meiosis when duplicated chromosomes couple with equatorial plate of the spindle |
| metaphase plate |
plane cell section in equatorial plane of the metaphase spindle with chromosomes oriented upon it |
| mutagen |
substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation |
| mutation |
act or process of changing |
| nucleotide |
any of a group of molecules that when linked together form components of DNA or RNA |
| primase |
function that synthesizes a short RNA primer used during DNA replication |
| prophase |
first stage of mitosis in eukaryotic cell division, strands of chromatin form into chromosomes |
| protein synthesis |
process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins |
| replication fork |
Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication |
| ribosomal rna |
type of abundant RNA functioning in protein synthesis as a component of ribosomes |
| ribosome subunit |
minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm of living cells |
| s phase |
period of the cell cycle prior to mitosis during which the chromosomes are replicated |
| spindle fibers |
occurrence of a chromosomal segment more than twice in a diploid cell or organism |
| substitution mutation |
type of point mutation in which a single nucleotide is substituted with a different nucleotide |
| telophase |
final stage of mitosis, second division of meiosis |
| template strand (dna) |
sequence of DNA that is copied during mRNA synthesis |
| transfer rna |
small RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain |
| zygote |
cell produced by the union of two gametes before it undergoes cleavage |
