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Digestive System

Word List with 52 words
By Dictionary.com

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Words in This List

absorption

noun

uptake of substances by a tissue, as of nutrients through the wall of the intestine

alimentary canal

noun

passage functioning in the digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of food residue

amino acid

noun

class of organic compounds that contains at least one amino group and one carboxyl group

aminopeptidase

noun

intestinal hydrolytic enzymes that remove an amino acid from the end of a peptide chain

amylases

noun

group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives

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anus

noun

opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal through which solid refuse of digestion is excreted

blood vessel

noun

any of the vessels, as arteries, veins, or capillaries, through which the blood circulates

carboxypeptidase

noun

digestive enzymes that catalyze the removal of an amino acid from the end of a peptide chain

chymotrypsin

noun

aproteolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins into polypeptides and amino acids

complex carbohydrate

noun

carbohydrate, as sucrose or starch, that consists of two or more monosaccharide units

defecate

verb (used with

to void excrement from the bowels through the anus; have a bowel movement

dextrinase

noun

enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of dextrins

digestive enzyme

noun

enzyme that breaks down polymeric macromolecules

disaccharaide

noun

carbohydrate made up of two monosaccharides

esophagus

noun

muscular passage connecting the mouth or pharynx with the stomach

fructose

noun

yellowish to white, crystalline, water-soluble

gastrointestinal tract

noun

path that food follows once it leaves the esophagus

glucose

noun

sugar having several optically different forms, not naturally occurring

glycerol

noun

colorless, odorless, syrupy, sweet liquid obtained by the saponification of natural fats and oils

ingestion

noun

taking of material (as food) into the digestive system

lactase

noun

enzyme capable of hydrolyzing lactose into glucose and galactose

large intestine

noun

divided into cecum, colon, and rectum, inables the resorption of water and the formation of feces

lipases

noun

enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats and lipoproteins into fatty acids and glycerol

lipid

noun

any of a group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and ether

lumen

noun

canal, duct, or cavity of a tubular organ

lymphatic vessel

noun

Any of the vascular channels that transport lymph throughout the lymphatic system

maltase

noun

enzyme that converts maltose into glucose and causes similar cleavage of many other glucosides

mechanical digestion

verb

process of digesting foods without the aid of chemical reaction

monosaccharide

noun

carbohydrate that does not hydrolyze, as glucose, fructose, or ribose, occurring naturally

mouth

noun

opening through which an animal or human takes in food

nucleases

noun

any of various enzymes that promote hydrolysis of nucleic acids

nucleic acid

noun

group of long, linear macromolecules that carry genetic information directing all cellular functions

nucleosidases

noun

enzyme that promotes the hydrolysis of a nucleoside

nucleotide

noun

any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA

oligosaccharide

noun

carbohydrate yielding few monosaccharides on hydrolysis

pancreatic lipase

noun

small fusions in the pancreatic ducts caused by chronic inflammation

pepsin

noun

enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into proteoses and peptones

peptide

noun

group of compounds consisting of two or more amino acids linked by chemical bonding

peristalsis

noun

progressive wave of contraction and relaxation of a tubular muscular system

pharynx

noun

cavity with surrounding membrane and muscles connecting the mouth, nasal passages with the esophagus

phosphatases

noun

enzyme that accelerates the hydrolysis and synthesis of organic esters of phosphoric acid

polysaccharide

noun

carbohydrate containing more than three monosaccharide units per molecule

propulsion

noun

act or process of propelling

proteases

noun

enzymes that bring cause the breakdown of proteins into peptides or amino acids by hydrolysis

protein

noun

considered as a food source supplying essential amino acids to the body

saliva

noun

viscid, watery fluid, secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands

salivary amylase

noun

amylase found in the saliva of many animals that converts starch into sugar

segmentation

noun

subdivision of an organ into more or less equivalent parts

small intestine

noun

part of the intestine that lies between the stomach and colon

stomach

noun

saclike enlargement of the alimentary canal forms an organ for storing, diluting, and digesting food

sucrase

noun

enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose

trypsin

noun

proteolytic enzyme of the pancreatic juice, capable of converting proteins into peptone

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