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Gene Expression

Word List with 48 words
*By Dictionary.com

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Words in This List

adenine
noun
purine base and one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids
anticodon
noun
sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes complementary coding
biotechnology
noun
use of biological substances for industrial or manufacturing processes
central dogma of molecular biology
noun
framework to understand the transfer of sequence information in living organisms
chromatid
noun
one of two identical chromosomal strands into which a chromosome splits
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chromosome
noun
threadlike bodies consisting of chromatin that carry genes in a linear order
codon
noun
triplet of adjacent nucleotides in messenger RNA chain that codes for specific amino acid
cytoplasm
noun
cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus
cytosine
noun
pyrimidine base that's one of the fundamental components of DNA and RNA
daughter cell
noun
cell formed by the division of another cell
deoxyribonucleic acid
noun
substance consisting of a double helix which holds genetic material
deoxyribose
noun
sugar obtained from DNA by hydrolysis
dna ligase
noun
enzyme closing discontinuities in one strand of DNA by creating an ester bond
dna polymerase
noun
enzymes involved in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid from its precursors
double helix
noun
spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA
endoplasmic reticulum
noun
network of tubular membranes in cytoplasm of cell involved in transporting materials
exon
noun
portion of interrupted gene represented in the RNA product and translated into protein
genetic engineering
noun
use of scientific methods to manipulate genetic material and alter hereditary traits
guanine
noun
purine base and fundamental constituent of DNA and RNA
hereditary characteristic
noun
peculiar quality capable of passing naturally from parent to offspring through the genes
intron
noun
noncoding segment in length of DNA that interrupts genecoding or nontranslated sequence
lagging strand
noun
strand of DNA being replicated discontinuously
leading strand
noun
strand of DNA being replicated continuously
messenger rna
noun
single-strand RNA molecule whose genetic code specifies the sequence for protein synthesis
mitosis
noun
cell division process in which the nucleus divides into two new nuclei
molecular genetics
noun
subdivision of genetics concerned with the structure and function of genes at the molecular level
nitrogenous base
molecule composed of a nitrogen-containing ring structure that forms part of nucleic acid
nucleotide
noun
molecules that when linked together form the building blocks of DNA or RNA
nucleotide chain
noun
linked nucleotides which bind to form DNA and RNA
okazaki fragment
noun
a fragment of DNA created on the lagging strand during DNA replication
operon
noun
set of two or more adjacent cistrons whose transcription is under coordinated control
phosphate group
noun
group obtained by removal of at least one hydrogen atoms from phosphoric acid
protein
adjective
any of various organic molecules composed of linked amino acids and needed in the diet
protein synthesis
noun
process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins
purine
noun
white crystalline compound and derivative that's a fundamental constituent of nucleic acids
pyrimidine
noun
heterocyclic compound and derivative fundamental constituent of nucleic acids
ribonucleic acid
noun
nucleic acid that carries instructions from the nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm
ribose
noun
white, crystalline, water-soluble, slightly sweet solid obtained by the hydrolysis of RNA
ribosomal rna
noun
type of RNA distinguished by length and abundance, functioning in protein synthesis
ribosome
noun
tiny organelle found abundantly in cell cytoplasm and functioning as site of protein manufacture
rna polymerase
noun
enzyme that synthesizes the formation of RNA from a DNA template during transcription
semiconservative replication
verb
mode by which DNA replicates
structure
noun
construction and arrangement of tissues, parts and organs
thymine
noun
pyrimidine base that's one of the principal components of DNA
transcription
noun
process by which genetic information on DNA strand is used to synthesize complementary RNA strand
transfer rna
noun
RNA molecule of nucleotides strand folded into a clover shape that pick up and convey in synthesis
translation
noun
process by which messenger RNA molecule specifies linear sequence of amino acids on ribosome
uracil
noun
pyrimidine base that's one of the fundamental components of RNA

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