Printable Gene Expression flash cards
48 words
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http://dynamo.dictionary.com/42979/gene-expression
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| adenine |
purine base and one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids |
| anticodon |
sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes complementary coding |
| biotechnology |
use of biological substances for industrial or manufacturing processes |
| central dogma of molecular biology |
framework to understand the transfer of sequence information in living organisms |
| chromatid |
one of two identical chromosomal strands into which a chromosome splits |
| chromosome |
threadlike bodies consisting of chromatin that carry genes in a linear order |
| codon |
triplet of adjacent nucleotides in messenger RNA chain that codes for specific amino acid |
| cytoplasm |
cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| cytosine |
pyrimidine base that's one of the fundamental components of DNA and RNA |
| daughter cell |
cell formed by the division of another cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid |
substance consisting of a double helix which holds genetic material |
| deoxyribose |
sugar obtained from DNA by hydrolysis |
| dna ligase |
enzyme closing discontinuities in one strand of DNA by creating an ester bond |
| dna polymerase |
enzymes involved in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid from its precursors |
| double helix |
spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA |
| endoplasmic reticulum |
network of tubular membranes in cytoplasm of cell involved in transporting materials |
| exon |
portion of interrupted gene represented in the RNA product and translated into protein |
| genetic engineering |
use of scientific methods to manipulate genetic material and alter hereditary traits |
| guanine |
purine base and fundamental constituent of DNA and RNA |
| hereditary characteristic |
peculiar quality capable of passing naturally from parent to offspring through the genes |
| intron |
noncoding segment in length of DNA that interrupts genecoding or nontranslated sequence |
| lagging strand |
strand of DNA being replicated discontinuously |
| leading strand |
strand of DNA being replicated continuously |
| messenger rna |
single-strand RNA molecule whose genetic code specifies the sequence for protein synthesis |
| mitosis |
cell division process in which the nucleus divides into two new nuclei |
| molecular genetics |
subdivision of genetics concerned with the structure and function of genes at the molecular level |
| nitrogenous base |
molecule composed of a nitrogen-containing ring structure that forms part of nucleic acid |
| nucleotide |
molecules that when linked together form the building blocks of DNA or RNA |
| nucleotide chain |
linked nucleotides which bind to form DNA and RNA |
| okazaki fragment |
a fragment of DNA created on the lagging strand during DNA replication |
| operon |
set of two or more adjacent cistrons whose transcription is under coordinated control |
| phosphate group |
group obtained by removal of at least one hydrogen atoms from phosphoric acid |
| protein |
any of various organic molecules composed of linked amino acids and needed in the diet |
| protein synthesis |
process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins |
| purine |
white crystalline compound and derivative that's a fundamental constituent of nucleic acids |
| pyrimidine |
heterocyclic compound and derivative fundamental constituent of nucleic acids |
| ribonucleic acid |
nucleic acid that carries instructions from the nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm |
| ribose |
white, crystalline, water-soluble, slightly sweet solid obtained by the hydrolysis of RNA |
| ribosomal rna |
type of RNA distinguished by length and abundance, functioning in protein synthesis |
| ribosome |
tiny organelle found abundantly in cell cytoplasm and functioning as site of protein manufacture |
| rna polymerase |
enzyme that synthesizes the formation of RNA from a DNA template during transcription |
| semiconservative replication |
mode by which DNA replicates |
| structure |
construction and arrangement of tissues, parts and organs |
| thymine |
pyrimidine base that's one of the principal components of DNA |
| transcription |
process by which genetic information on DNA strand is used to synthesize complementary RNA strand |
| transfer rna |
RNA molecule of nucleotides strand folded into a clover shape that pick up and convey in synthesis |
| translation |
process by which messenger RNA molecule specifies linear sequence of amino acids on ribosome |
| uracil |
pyrimidine base that's one of the fundamental components of RNA |
| adenine |
purine base and one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids |
| anticodon |
sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes complementary coding |
| biotechnology |
use of biological substances for industrial or manufacturing processes |
| central dogma of molecular biology |
framework to understand the transfer of sequence information in living organisms |
| chromatid |
one of two identical chromosomal strands into which a chromosome splits |
| chromosome |
threadlike bodies consisting of chromatin that carry genes in a linear order |
| codon |
triplet of adjacent nucleotides in messenger RNA chain that codes for specific amino acid |
| cytoplasm |
cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| cytosine |
pyrimidine base that's one of the fundamental components of DNA and RNA |
| daughter cell |
cell formed by the division of another cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid |
substance consisting of a double helix which holds genetic material |
| deoxyribose |
sugar obtained from DNA by hydrolysis |
| dna ligase |
enzyme closing discontinuities in one strand of DNA by creating an ester bond |
| dna polymerase |
enzymes involved in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid from its precursors |
| double helix |
spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA |
| endoplasmic reticulum |
network of tubular membranes in cytoplasm of cell involved in transporting materials |
| exon |
portion of interrupted gene represented in the RNA product and translated into protein |
| genetic engineering |
use of scientific methods to manipulate genetic material and alter hereditary traits |
| guanine |
purine base and fundamental constituent of DNA and RNA |
| hereditary characteristic |
peculiar quality capable of passing naturally from parent to offspring through the genes |
| intron |
noncoding segment in length of DNA that interrupts genecoding or nontranslated sequence |
| lagging strand |
strand of DNA being replicated discontinuously |
| leading strand |
strand of DNA being replicated continuously |
| messenger rna |
single-strand RNA molecule whose genetic code specifies the sequence for protein synthesis |
| mitosis |
cell division process in which the nucleus divides into two new nuclei |
| molecular genetics |
subdivision of genetics concerned with the structure and function of genes at the molecular level |
| nitrogenous base |
molecule composed of a nitrogen-containing ring structure that forms part of nucleic acid |
| nucleotide |
molecules that when linked together form the building blocks of DNA or RNA |
| nucleotide chain |
linked nucleotides which bind to form DNA and RNA |
| okazaki fragment |
a fragment of DNA created on the lagging strand during DNA replication |
| operon |
set of two or more adjacent cistrons whose transcription is under coordinated control |
| phosphate group |
group obtained by removal of at least one hydrogen atoms from phosphoric acid |
| protein |
any of various organic molecules composed of linked amino acids and needed in the diet |
| protein synthesis |
process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins |
| purine |
white crystalline compound and derivative that's a fundamental constituent of nucleic acids |
| pyrimidine |
heterocyclic compound and derivative fundamental constituent of nucleic acids |
| ribonucleic acid |
nucleic acid that carries instructions from the nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm |
| ribose |
white, crystalline, water-soluble, slightly sweet solid obtained by the hydrolysis of RNA |
| ribosomal rna |
type of RNA distinguished by length and abundance, functioning in protein synthesis |
| ribosome |
tiny organelle found abundantly in cell cytoplasm and functioning as site of protein manufacture |
| rna polymerase |
enzyme that synthesizes the formation of RNA from a DNA template during transcription |
| semiconservative replication |
mode by which DNA replicates |
| structure |
construction and arrangement of tissues, parts and organs |
| thymine |
pyrimidine base that's one of the principal components of DNA |
| transcription |
process by which genetic information on DNA strand is used to synthesize complementary RNA strand |
| transfer rna |
RNA molecule of nucleotides strand folded into a clover shape that pick up and convey in synthesis |
| translation |
process by which messenger RNA molecule specifies linear sequence of amino acids on ribosome |
| uracil |
pyrimidine base that's one of the fundamental components of RNA |
