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Types of Rock

Word List with 54 words
*By Dictionary.com

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Words in This List

aquifer
noun
geological formation containing or conducting ground water
arkose
noun
granular sedimentary rock composed of quartz and feldspar or mica
basaltic
noun
fine-grained dark basic igneous rock consisting of plagioclase feldspar
batholith
noun
igneous rock believed to have crystallized at a considerable depth below the earth's surface
bedrock
noun
unbroken solid rock overlaid in most places by soil or rock fragments
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breccia
noun
rock composed of angular fragments of older rocks melded together
cemented
noun
various calcined mixtures of clay and limestone, usually mixed with water and sand and gravel
chemical precipitate
noun
sediment formed from precipitated particles that have been deposited
compacted
adjective
joined or packed together
conglomerate
noun
clastic sedimentary rock comprised of round-shaped casts
crystallization
noun
act or process of crystallizing
dike
noun
long, narrow, cross-cutting mass of igneous rock intruded into a fissure in older rock
elastic rebound theory
noun
explanation for how energy is distributed during earthquakes
evaporite
noun
any sedimentary rock, as gypsum or rock salt, formed by precipitation from evaporating seawater
extrusion
noun
act of extruding or the state of being extruded
extrusive rock
noun
volcanic rock formation, magma flows from inside to the surface as lava erupts into the atmosphere
fault
verb (used with
to undergo faulting
felsic
adjective
rocks consisting chiefly of feldspars, feldspathoids, quartz, and other light-colored minerals
foliation
noun
arrangement of leaves on a plant
fossil
noun
remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, a skeleton
fossiliferous
adjective
bearing or containing fossils, as rocks or strata
gneiss
noun
metamorphic rock, generally made up of bands that differ in color and composition
granite
noun
coarse-grained igneous rock composed of orthoclase, albite feldspars and quartz
igneous rock
noun
formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials
inorganic
adjective
not having the structure or organization characteristic of living bodies
intrusion
noun
emplacement of molten rock in preexisting rock
intrusive rock
noun
magma forced into cavities or cracks of other rocks and crystallized but not reaching the surface
lava
noun
molten, fluid rock that issues from a volcano or volcanic vent
lithification
noun
process by which unconsolidated materials are converted into coherent solid rock, as by cementation
mafic
adjective
pertaining to rocks rich in dark ferromagnesian minerals
magma
noun
molten material beneath or within the earth's crust from which igneous rock is formed
marble
noun
metamorphosed limestone, consisting chiefly of recrystallized calcite or dolomite
metamorphic rock
noun
rock altered by pressure and heat
nuees ardentes
noun, plural
swiftly flowing, dense cloud of hot gases, ashes, and lava fragments
organic
adjective
sedimentary rock that was formed either directly or indirectly from material that was once alive
paleontology
noun
science of the forms of life existing in former geologic periods, as represented by their fossil
petrology
noun
scientific study of rocks including petrography and petrogenesis
phyllite
noun
slaty rock, the cleavage planes of which have a luster imparted by minute scales of mica
pyroclastic
adjective
composed of fragments of volcanic origin, as agglomerate, tuff, and certain other rocks
quartzite
noun
granular metamorphic rock consisting essentially of quartz in interlocking grains
rock
noun
mineral matter of variable composition assembled in masses in nature by the action of heat or water
rock cycle
noun
process by which rocks are formed, altered, destroyed, and reformed by geological processes
schist
noun
any of a class of crystalline metamorphic rocks whose mineral grains have a parallel arrangement
sedimentary rock
noun
rock formed from consolidated clay sediments
shield volcano
noun
volcano built up from the repeated nonexplosive eruption of basalt to form a low dome or shield
sills
noun
intrusive igneous rock found between beds of sedimentary rocks or layers of volcanic ejecta
slate
noun
fine-grained rock formed by metamorphosis of clay; tends to split along parallel cleavage planes
stratigraphy
noun
geological classification, nomenclature, correlation, and interpretation of stratified rocks
stratovolcano
noun
large, steep volcano built up of alternating layers of lava and ash or cinders
stromatolites
noun
laminated calcareous fossil structure built by marine algae and having a rounded or columnar form
tephra
noun
clastic volcanic material ejected during an eruption
vein
noun
pertaining to stratification; clearly separated or defined
weathering
noun
various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose
xenolith
noun
rock fragment foreign to the igneous rock in which it is embedded

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Essential Latin Roots: Para-
by Dictionary.com
11 words

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Parts of Speech in English
by Dictionary.com
14 words

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Basic SAT Vocabulary

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