Printable Types of Rock flash cards
54 words
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| aquifer |
geological formation containing or conducting ground water |
| arkose |
granular sedimentary rock composed of quartz and feldspar or mica |
| basaltic |
fine-grained dark basic igneous rock consisting of plagioclase feldspar |
| batholith |
igneous rock believed to have crystallized at a considerable depth below the earth's surface |
| bedrock |
unbroken solid rock overlaid in most places by soil or rock fragments |
| breccia |
rock composed of angular fragments of older rocks melded together |
| cemented |
various calcined mixtures of clay and limestone, usually mixed with water and sand and gravel |
| chemical precipitate |
sediment formed from precipitated particles that have been deposited |
| compacted |
joined or packed together |
| conglomerate |
clastic sedimentary rock comprised of round-shaped casts |
| crystallization |
act or process of crystallizing |
| dike |
long, narrow, cross-cutting mass of igneous rock intruded into a fissure in older rock |
| elastic rebound theory |
explanation for how energy is distributed during earthquakes |
| evaporite |
any sedimentary rock, as gypsum or rock salt, formed by precipitation from evaporating seawater |
| extrusion |
act of extruding or the state of being extruded |
| extrusive rock |
volcanic rock formation, magma flows from inside to the surface as lava erupts into the atmosphere |
| fault |
to undergo faulting |
| felsic |
rocks consisting chiefly of feldspars, feldspathoids, quartz, and other light-colored minerals |
| foliation |
arrangement of leaves on a plant |
| fossil |
remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, a skeleton |
| fossiliferous |
bearing or containing fossils, as rocks or strata |
| gneiss |
metamorphic rock, generally made up of bands that differ in color and composition |
| granite |
coarse-grained igneous rock composed of orthoclase, albite feldspars and quartz |
| igneous rock |
formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials |
| inorganic |
not having the structure or organization characteristic of living bodies |
| intrusion |
emplacement of molten rock in preexisting rock |
| intrusive rock |
magma forced into cavities or cracks of other rocks and crystallized but not reaching the surface |
| lava |
molten, fluid rock that issues from a volcano or volcanic vent |
| lithification |
process by which unconsolidated materials are converted into coherent solid rock, as by cementation |
| mafic |
pertaining to rocks rich in dark ferromagnesian minerals |
| magma |
molten material beneath or within the earth's crust from which igneous rock is formed |
| marble |
metamorphosed limestone, consisting chiefly of recrystallized calcite or dolomite |
| metamorphic rock |
rock altered by pressure and heat |
| nuees ardentes |
swiftly flowing, dense cloud of hot gases, ashes, and lava fragments |
| organic |
sedimentary rock that was formed either directly or indirectly from material that was once alive |
| paleontology |
science of the forms of life existing in former geologic periods, as represented by their fossil |
| petrology |
scientific study of rocks including petrography and petrogenesis |
| phyllite |
slaty rock, the cleavage planes of which have a luster imparted by minute scales of mica |
| pyroclastic |
composed of fragments of volcanic origin, as agglomerate, tuff, and certain other rocks |
| quartzite |
granular metamorphic rock consisting essentially of quartz in interlocking grains |
| rock |
mineral matter of variable composition assembled in masses in nature by the action of heat or water |
| rock cycle |
process by which rocks are formed, altered, destroyed, and reformed by geological processes |
| schist |
any of a class of crystalline metamorphic rocks whose mineral grains have a parallel arrangement |
| sedimentary rock |
rock formed from consolidated clay sediments |
| shield volcano |
volcano built up from the repeated nonexplosive eruption of basalt to form a low dome or shield |
| sills |
intrusive igneous rock found between beds of sedimentary rocks or layers of volcanic ejecta |
| slate |
fine-grained rock formed by metamorphosis of clay; tends to split along parallel cleavage planes |
| stratigraphy |
geological classification, nomenclature, correlation, and interpretation of stratified rocks |
| stratovolcano |
large, steep volcano built up of alternating layers of lava and ash or cinders |
| stromatolites |
laminated calcareous fossil structure built by marine algae and having a rounded or columnar form |
| tephra |
clastic volcanic material ejected during an eruption |
| vein |
pertaining to stratification; clearly separated or defined |
| weathering |
various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose |
| xenolith |
rock fragment foreign to the igneous rock in which it is embedded |
| aquifer |
geological formation containing or conducting ground water |
| arkose |
granular sedimentary rock composed of quartz and feldspar or mica |
| basaltic |
fine-grained dark basic igneous rock consisting of plagioclase feldspar |
| batholith |
igneous rock believed to have crystallized at a considerable depth below the earth's surface |
| bedrock |
unbroken solid rock overlaid in most places by soil or rock fragments |
| breccia |
rock composed of angular fragments of older rocks melded together |
| cemented |
various calcined mixtures of clay and limestone, usually mixed with water and sand and gravel |
| chemical precipitate |
sediment formed from precipitated particles that have been deposited |
| compacted |
joined or packed together |
| conglomerate |
clastic sedimentary rock comprised of round-shaped casts |
| crystallization |
act or process of crystallizing |
| dike |
long, narrow, cross-cutting mass of igneous rock intruded into a fissure in older rock |
| elastic rebound theory |
explanation for how energy is distributed during earthquakes |
| evaporite |
any sedimentary rock, as gypsum or rock salt, formed by precipitation from evaporating seawater |
| extrusion |
act of extruding or the state of being extruded |
| extrusive rock |
volcanic rock formation, magma flows from inside to the surface as lava erupts into the atmosphere |
| fault |
to undergo faulting |
| felsic |
rocks consisting chiefly of feldspars, feldspathoids, quartz, and other light-colored minerals |
| foliation |
arrangement of leaves on a plant |
| fossil |
remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, a skeleton |
| fossiliferous |
bearing or containing fossils, as rocks or strata |
| gneiss |
metamorphic rock, generally made up of bands that differ in color and composition |
| granite |
coarse-grained igneous rock composed of orthoclase, albite feldspars and quartz |
| igneous rock |
formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials |
| inorganic |
not having the structure or organization characteristic of living bodies |
| intrusion |
emplacement of molten rock in preexisting rock |
| intrusive rock |
magma forced into cavities or cracks of other rocks and crystallized but not reaching the surface |
| lava |
molten, fluid rock that issues from a volcano or volcanic vent |
| lithification |
process by which unconsolidated materials are converted into coherent solid rock, as by cementation |
| mafic |
pertaining to rocks rich in dark ferromagnesian minerals |
| magma |
molten material beneath or within the earth's crust from which igneous rock is formed |
| marble |
metamorphosed limestone, consisting chiefly of recrystallized calcite or dolomite |
| metamorphic rock |
rock altered by pressure and heat |
| nuees ardentes |
swiftly flowing, dense cloud of hot gases, ashes, and lava fragments |
| organic |
sedimentary rock that was formed either directly or indirectly from material that was once alive |
| paleontology |
science of the forms of life existing in former geologic periods, as represented by their fossil |
| petrology |
scientific study of rocks including petrography and petrogenesis |
| phyllite |
slaty rock, the cleavage planes of which have a luster imparted by minute scales of mica |
| pyroclastic |
composed of fragments of volcanic origin, as agglomerate, tuff, and certain other rocks |
| quartzite |
granular metamorphic rock consisting essentially of quartz in interlocking grains |
| rock |
mineral matter of variable composition assembled in masses in nature by the action of heat or water |
| rock cycle |
process by which rocks are formed, altered, destroyed, and reformed by geological processes |
| schist |
any of a class of crystalline metamorphic rocks whose mineral grains have a parallel arrangement |
| sedimentary rock |
rock formed from consolidated clay sediments |
| shield volcano |
volcano built up from the repeated nonexplosive eruption of basalt to form a low dome or shield |
| sills |
intrusive igneous rock found between beds of sedimentary rocks or layers of volcanic ejecta |
| slate |
fine-grained rock formed by metamorphosis of clay; tends to split along parallel cleavage planes |
| stratigraphy |
geological classification, nomenclature, correlation, and interpretation of stratified rocks |
| stratovolcano |
large, steep volcano built up of alternating layers of lava and ash or cinders |
| stromatolites |
laminated calcareous fossil structure built by marine algae and having a rounded or columnar form |
| tephra |
clastic volcanic material ejected during an eruption |
| vein |
pertaining to stratification; clearly separated or defined |
| weathering |
various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose |
| xenolith |
rock fragment foreign to the igneous rock in which it is embedded |
