the set of attributes constituting the meaning of a term and thus determining the range of objects to which that term may be applied
premise
a proposition supporting or helping to support a conclusion
contingent
neither logically necessary nor logically impossible, so that its truth or falsity can be established only by sensory observation
implication
the relation that holds between two propositions, or classes of propositions, in virtue of which one is logically deducible from the other
necessary
a kind of proposition such that a denial of it involves a self-contradiction
contrary
proposition so related to another proposition that both may not be true though both may be false
fallacy
any of various types of erroneous reasoning that render arguments logically unsound
inference
the process of deriving the strict logical consequences of assumed premises
hypothetical
a highly unproven proposition; not well supported by available evidence
predicate
to affirm or assert something of the subject of a proposition
sufficient
a condition such that its existence leads to the occurrence of a given event or the existence of a given thing
analytic
a proposition necessarily true because its denial involves a contradiction
denotation
the class of particulars to which a term is applicable; that which is represented by a sign
conclusion
a proposition extracted or inferred from the premises of an argument
reason
the power of intelligent and dispassionate thought, or of conduct influenced by such thought; the premise of an argument
converse
a proposition obtained from another proposition by conversion
alternative
a proposition asserting two or more choices, at least one of which is true
particular
referring to an indefinite part of a whole class; partaking of the nature of an individual as opposed to a class
induction
any form of reasoning in which the conclusion, though supported by the premises, does not follow from them necessarily
valid
an argument so constructed that if the premises are jointly asserted, the conclusion cannot be denied without contradiction
intention
reference to concrete things, their properties, classes, or the relationships among them
synthetic
pertaining to a noncontradictory proposition in which the predicate is not included in, or entailed by, the subject
contradictory
a proposition so related to a second that it is impossible for both to be true or both to be false
affirmative
noting a proposition in which a property of a subject is affirmed
equivocation
a fallacy caused by the double meaning of a word
opposition
the relation between two propositions that have the same subject and predicate, but which differ in quantity or quality
property
an attribute not essential to a species but always connected uniquely with it
illegitimate
not in accordance with the principles of valid inference
deduction
a process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true
universal
a proposition asserted from every member of a class
generalization
a proposition asserting something to be true either of all members of a certain class or of an indefinite part of that class
predicable
any one of the various kinds of predicate that may be used of a subject
vicious circle
demonstrating the use of each of two propositions to establish the other; the use of each of two terms to define the other
quantifier
an expression, as ?all? or ?some,? that indicates the quantity of a proposition
vague
not clearly or explicitly stated or expressed
connotation
the set of attributes constituting the meaning of a term and thus determining the range of objects to which that term may be applied
premise
a proposition supporting or helping to support a conclusion
contingent
neither logically necessary nor logically impossible, so that its truth or falsity can be established only by sensory observation
implication
the relation that holds between two propositions, or classes of propositions, in virtue of which one is logically deducible from the other
necessary
a kind of proposition such that a denial of it involves a self-contradiction
contrary
proposition so related to another proposition that both may not be true though both may be false
fallacy
any of various types of erroneous reasoning that render arguments logically unsound
inference
the process of deriving the strict logical consequences of assumed premises
hypothetical
a highly unproven proposition; not well supported by available evidence
predicate
to affirm or assert something of the subject of a proposition
sufficient
a condition such that its existence leads to the occurrence of a given event or the existence of a given thing
analytic
a proposition necessarily true because its denial involves a contradiction
denotation
the class of particulars to which a term is applicable; that which is represented by a sign
conclusion
a proposition extracted or inferred from the premises of an argument
reason
the power of intelligent and dispassionate thought, or of conduct influenced by such thought; the premise of an argument
converse
a proposition obtained from another proposition by conversion
alternative
a proposition asserting two or more choices, at least one of which is true
particular
referring to an indefinite part of a whole class; partaking of the nature of an individual as opposed to a class
induction
any form of reasoning in which the conclusion, though supported by the premises, does not follow from them necessarily
valid
an argument so constructed that if the premises are jointly asserted, the conclusion cannot be denied without contradiction
intention
reference to concrete things, their properties, classes, or the relationships among them
synthetic
pertaining to a noncontradictory proposition in which the predicate is not included in, or entailed by, the subject
contradictory
a proposition so related to a second that it is impossible for both to be true or both to be false
affirmative
noting a proposition in which a property of a subject is affirmed
equivocation
a fallacy caused by the double meaning of a word
opposition
the relation between two propositions that have the same subject and predicate, but which differ in quantity or quality
property
an attribute not essential to a species but always connected uniquely with it
illegitimate
not in accordance with the principles of valid inference
deduction
a process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true
universal
a proposition asserted from every member of a class
generalization
a proposition asserting something to be true either of all members of a certain class or of an indefinite part of that class
predicable
any one of the various kinds of predicate that may be used of a subject
vicious circle
demonstrating the use of each of two propositions to establish the other; the use of each of two terms to define the other
quantifier
an expression, as ?all? or ?some,? that indicates the quantity of a proposition
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