Printable Getting Ready for the TOEFL: Challenging English Words flash cards

accelerate

to cause faster or greater activity, development, progress, advancement, etc., in:

adversity

adverse fortune or fate; a condition marked by misfortune, calamity, or distress:

affluent

having an abundance of wealth, property, or other material goods; prosperous; rich:

allude

to refer casually or indirectly; make an allusion (usually fol. by to):

ambiguous

open to or having several possible meanings or interpretations; equivocal:

archetype

the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a model or first form; prototype.

arid	being without moisture; extremely dry; parched:

attribute

to regard as resulting from a specified cause; consider as caused by something indicated (usually fol. by to):

benevolent

characterized by or expressing goodwill or kindly feelings:

biology

the science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, esp. with reference to origin, growth, reproduction, structure, and behavior.

boorish

of or like a boor; unmannered; crude; insensitive.

capture

to take by force or stratagem; take prisoner; seize:

celestial

pertaining to the sky or visible heaven.

chronic

constant; habitual; inveterate:

circumspect

watchful and discreet; cautious; prudent:

climax

the highest or most intense point in the development or resolution of something; culmination:

coherence

the act or state of cohering; cohesion.

concede

to acknowledge as true, just, or proper; admit:

condone

to disregard or overlook (something illegal, objectionable, or the like).

convene

to come together or assemble, usually for some public purpose.

copious

large in quantity or number; abundant; plentiful:

corpulent

large or bulky of body; portly; stout; fat.

cross

a structure consisting essentially of an upright and a transverse piece, upon which persons were formerly put to death.

dictum

an authoritative pronouncement; judicial assertion.

disconcert

to disturb the self-possession of; perturb; ruffle:

discourse

communication of thought by words; talk; conversation:

dissent

to differ in sentiment or opinion, esp. from the majority; withhold assent; disagree (often fol. by from):

diverse

of a different kind, form, character, etc.; unlike:

edict

a decree issued by a sovereign or other authority.

elicit

to draw or bring out or forth; educe; evoke:

exceptional

forming an exception or rare instance; unusual; extraordinary:

expatriate

to banish (a person) from his or her native country.

expediency

the quality of being expedient; advantageousness; advisability.

extensive

of great extent; wide; broad:

extinct

no longer in existence; that has ended or died out:

fossil

any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc.

genesis

an origin, creation, or beginning.

geography

the science dealing with the areal differentiation of the earth's surface, as shown in the character, arrangement, and interrelations over the world of such elements as climate, elevation, soil, vegetation, population, land use, industries, or states, and

germinate

to begin to grow or develop.

hail	to cheer, salute, or greet; welcome.

harbinger

a person who goes ahead and makes known the approach of another; herald.

hypothesis

a proposition, or set of propositions, set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation

illustrate

to furnish (a book, magazine, etc.) with drawings, pictures, or other artwork intended for explanation, elucidation, or adornment.

immeasurable

incapable of being measured; limitless:

impecunious

having little or no money; penniless; poor.

impervious

not permitting penetration or passage; impenetrable:

import

to bring in (merchandise, commodities, workers, etc.) from a foreign country for use, sale, processing, reexport, or services.

impropriety

the quality or condition of being improper; incorrectness.

incorporate

to form into a legal corporation.

indefatigable

incapable of being tired out; not yielding to fatigue; untiring.

indigenous

originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country; native (often fol. by to):

indomitable

that cannot be subdued or overcome, as persons, will, or courage; unconquerable:

infer

to derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence:

influence

the capacity or power of persons or things to be a compelling force on or produce effects on the actions, behavior, opinions, etc., of others:

inhibit

to restrain, hinder, arrest, or check (an action, impulse, etc.).

innocuous

not harmful or injurious; harmless:

inscrutable

incapable of being investigated, analyzed, or scrutinized; impenetrable.

jargon

the language, esp. the vocabulary, peculiar to a particular trade, profession, or group:

jettison

to cast (goods) overboard in order to lighten a vessel or aircraft or to improve its stability in an emergency.

legal

permitted by law; lawful:

ludicrous

causing laughter because of absurdity; provoking or deserving derision; ridiculous; laughable:

motley

exhibiting great diversity of elements; heterogeneous:

nocturnal

of or pertaining to the night (

notorious

widely and unfavorably known:

novice

a person who is new to the circumstances, work, etc., in which he or she is placed; beginner; tyro:

opus	a musical composition.

paradox

a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

particle

any lepton, hadron, photon, or graviton, the particles once thought to be the indivisible components of all matter or radiation.

perverse

willfully determined or disposed to go counter to what is expected or desired; contrary.

precocious

unusually advanced or mature in development, esp. mental development:

predict

to declare or tell in advance; prophesy; foretell:

predilection

a tendency to think favorably of something in particular; partiality; preference:

prerogative

an exclusive right, privilege, etc., exercised by virtue of rank, office, or the like:

prestige

reputation or influence arising from success, achievement, rank, or other favorable attributes.

primitive

being the first or earliest of the kind or in existence, esp. in an early age of the world:

proficient

well-advanced or competent in any art, science, or subject; skilled:

prohibit

to forbid (an action, activity, etc.) by authority or law:

promontory

a high point of land or rock projecting into the sea or other water beyond the line of coast; a headland.

property

that which a person owns; the possession or possessions of a particular owner:

psychology

the science of the mind or of mental states and processes.

query

a question; an inquiry.

rancor

bitter, rankling resentment or ill will; hatred; malice.

resilient

springing back; rebounding.

revolt

to break away from or rise against constituted authority, as by open rebellion; cast off allegiance or subjection to those in authority; rebel; mutiny:

salient

prominent or conspicuous:

sanguine

cheerfully optimistic, hopeful, or confident:

sequence

the following of one thing after another; succession.

sinecure

an office or position requiring little or no work, esp. one yielding profitable returns.

stock

a quantity of something accumulated, as for future use

sympathy

harmony of or agreement in feeling, as between persons or on the part of one person with respect to another.

tangible

capable of being touched; discernible by the touch; material or substantial.

temporal

of or pertaining to time.

countenance

the look or expression of the face, also approval or encouragement; moral support

auspicious

promising success, favored by fortune; prosperous

rhetoric

the undue use of exaggeration or display in writing or speech; bombast

benign

having a kindly disposition; showing or expressive of gentleness or kindness

mercurial

changeable, volatile, fickle, flighty and erratic

cogent

convincing or believable by virtue of forcible, clear, or incisive presentation

peruse

to read through with thoroughness or care, to examine in detail

precarious

dependent on circumstances beyond one's control; uncertain, unstable or insecure

assiduous

unremitting; constant in application or effort; working diligently at a task

diffident

lacking confidence in one's own ability, worth, or fitness; restrained or reserved in manner or conduct

fatuous

foolish or inane, especially in an unconscious, complacent manner; silly

platitude

a flat, dull, or trite remark uttered as if it were fresh or profound

feign

to invent fictitiously or deceptively, as a story or an excuse

belie

show to be false; to misrepresent or act unworthily according to some standard

chicanery

trickery or deception by quibbling or sophistry

harangue

a scolding or a long or intense verbal attack; a long, passionate, vehement speech delivered before a public gathering

impugn

to challenge as false; to cast doubt upon

peremptory

leaving no opportunity for denial or refusal; imperative, decisive or final

unique

existing as the only one or as the sole example; having no like or equal; unparalleled

amiable

having or showing pleasant, good-natured personal qualities; friendly, sociable

passion

any powerful or compelling emotion or feeling such as love or hate

aggregate

a sum, mass, or assemblage of particulars; a total gross amount

nonchalant

coolly unconcerned, indifferent, or unexcited; casual

annual

occurring or returning once a year

cynic

a person who believes that only selfishness motivates people and who disbelieves in selfless acts or disinterested points of view

versatile

capable of or adapted for turning easily from one to another of various tasks, fields of endeavor; capable of many uses

feasible

capable of being done, probable

despise

to regard with contempt, distaste, disgust, or disdain

augment

to make larger; enlarge in size, number, strength, or extent

venerable

commanding respect because of great age or impressive dignity; worthy of veneration or reverence

achieve

to bring to a successful end or accomplish; to attain by effort

abandon

to leave completely and finally; to give up

consecutive

following one another in uninterrupted succession or order; marked by logical sequence

evolution

any process of formation or growth and development

ponder

to consider something deeply and thoroughly; meditate

stringent

rigorously binding or exacting; strict or severe

logic

the science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference; a particular method of reasoning or argumentation

invasive

characterized by or involving intrusion

transgression

violation of a law, rule or command

absolute

free from imperfection; complete or pure; complete; not limited in any way

tyrant

a sovereign or other ruler who uses power oppressively or unjustly

management

the act or manner of managing; handling, direction, or control

ignore

to refrain from noticing or recognizing

perplexed

bewildered, puzzled, or confused

organic

a substance, as a fertilizer or pesticide, of animal or vegetable but not synthetic chemical origin

argue

to present reasons for or against a thing; to contend in oral disagreement

induction

the act of inducing, bringing about, or causing

missive

a written message or letter

depraved

corrupt, wicked, or perverted

inordinate

not within proper or reasonable limits; immoderate or excessive

continue

to go on after suspension or interruption; to go on or keep on, as in some course or action; to remain in a particular state or capacity

corporate

pertaining to a united group created by law having a continuous independent existence and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members

fluctuate

to change continually; shift back and forth

treat

to act or behave toward some specified way

emancipated

not constrained or restricted by custom, tradition, superstition; freed from slavery or bondage

industry

the aggregate of manufacturing or technically productive enterprises in a particular field, often named after its principal product

quest

a search made in order to find or obtain something

corruption

lacking of integrity because of dishonest proceedings; bribery

demand

to ask for with proper authority; to ask for urgently

mimic

to imitate or copy in action or speech, often playfully or derisively

murky

dark, gloomy, and cheerless

produce

to bring into existence; give rise to or cause

virus

a viral disease, or a corrupting influence on morals or the intellect

native

being the place or environment in which a person was born or a thing came into being

overcome

to get the better of in a struggle or conflict; to conquer or defeat

condition

a particular mode of being of a person or thing, the existing state or situation with respect to circumstances

pedestal

an architectural support for a column, statue or vase

construct

to build or form by putting together parts; frame or devise

satellite

a branch office or an off-campus facility of a university, that depends on, accompanies, or serves as an extension of a main office or organization

immune

protected from a disease; exempt or protected

verbal

expressed in spoken words; oral rather than written

pacify

to bring or restore to a state of peace or tranquility, or to reduce to a state of submission

revile

to assail with contemptuous or opprobrious language; address or speak of abusively

prosper

to be successful or fortunate financially; to thrive or flourish

fertile

bearing, producing, or capable of producing; prolific or abundantly productive

connote

to signify or suggest a certain meaning in addition to the explicit or primary meaning

recess

temporary withdrawal or break from the usual work or activity

annals

a record of events, especially a yearly record, historical records

figment

a mere product of mental invention; a fantastic notion

pathogen

any disease-producing agent, especially a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism

transformation

the act or process of transforming; change in form, appearance, nature, or character

admission

entrance granted by permission, by provision of pecuniary means, or by the removal of obstacles

vanquish

to conquer or subdue by superior force, as in battle; to defeat in any contest or conflict

respiration

inhalation and exhalation of air; breathing

rapid

occurring within a short time, happening speedily, swift

inhabit

to live or dwell in a place, to exist or be situated within

cosmos

the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system

frustrate

to make plans or efforts worthless, to defeat or disappoint

formulate

to express in precise form; to devise or develop, as a method to express in a formula

solve

to find the answer or explanation for; clear up or explain

animate

alive, possessing life, able to move voluntarily

invention

the power or faculty to create, devise or originate

meteor

a transient fiery streak in the sky produced by a meteoroid passing through the earth's atmosphere; a shooting star

predatory

characterized by plunder, pillage, robbery, or exploitation of others

adaptable

able to adjust oneself readily to different conditions

impale

to stick or fix upon a sharpened stake; to pierce with a sharpened stake thrust up through the body

bibliophile

a person who loves or collects books

unite

to join, combine, or incorporate so as to form a single whole or unit

therein

in that matter or circumstance

deduct

to take away, as from a sum or amount

factory

a building or group of buildings with facilities for the manufacture of goods

incubation

the act or process of maintain a favorable temperature and environment to promote development

consuming

strongly and urgently felt

sally

to set out on a side trip or excursion, to set out briskly or energetically

creditable

bringing or deserving credit, honor, reputation, or esteem

territorial

associated with, or restricted to a particular area or district

overshot

driven over the top of, as by water passing over from above

zenith

the point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer; the highest point or state

effect

something that is produced by a cause, a result or consequence

source

the origin or beginning of something

compensation

payment for services, loss, injury, suffering, etc.

accelerate

to cause faster or greater activity, development, progress, advancement, etc., in:

adversity

adverse fortune or fate; a condition marked by misfortune, calamity, or distress:

affluent

having an abundance of wealth, property, or other material goods; prosperous; rich:

allude

to refer casually or indirectly; make an allusion (usually fol. by to):

ambiguous

open to or having several possible meanings or interpretations; equivocal:

archetype

the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a model or first form; prototype.

arid	being without moisture; extremely dry; parched:

attribute

to regard as resulting from a specified cause; consider as caused by something indicated (usually fol. by to):

benevolent

characterized by or expressing goodwill or kindly feelings:

biology

the science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, esp. with reference to origin, growth, reproduction, structure, and behavior.

boorish

of or like a boor; unmannered; crude; insensitive.

capture

to take by force or stratagem; take prisoner; seize:

celestial

pertaining to the sky or visible heaven.

chronic

constant; habitual; inveterate:

circumspect

watchful and discreet; cautious; prudent:

climax

the highest or most intense point in the development or resolution of something; culmination:

coherence

the act or state of cohering; cohesion.

concede

to acknowledge as true, just, or proper; admit:

condone

to disregard or overlook (something illegal, objectionable, or the like).

convene

to come together or assemble, usually for some public purpose.

copious

large in quantity or number; abundant; plentiful:

corpulent

large or bulky of body; portly; stout; fat.

cross

a structure consisting essentially of an upright and a transverse piece, upon which persons were formerly put to death.

dictum

an authoritative pronouncement; judicial assertion.

disconcert

to disturb the self-possession of; perturb; ruffle:

discourse

communication of thought by words; talk; conversation:

dissent

to differ in sentiment or opinion, esp. from the majority; withhold assent; disagree (often fol. by from):

diverse

of a different kind, form, character, etc.; unlike:

edict

a decree issued by a sovereign or other authority.

elicit

to draw or bring out or forth; educe; evoke:

exceptional

forming an exception or rare instance; unusual; extraordinary:

expatriate

to banish (a person) from his or her native country.

expediency

the quality of being expedient; advantageousness; advisability.

extensive

of great extent; wide; broad:

extinct

no longer in existence; that has ended or died out:

fossil

any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc.

genesis

an origin, creation, or beginning.

geography

the science dealing with the areal differentiation of the earth's surface, as shown in the character, arrangement, and interrelations over the world of such elements as climate, elevation, soil, vegetation, population, land use, industries, or states, and

germinate

to begin to grow or develop.

hail	to cheer, salute, or greet; welcome.

harbinger

a person who goes ahead and makes known the approach of another; herald.

hypothesis

a proposition, or set of propositions, set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation

illustrate

to furnish (a book, magazine, etc.) with drawings, pictures, or other artwork intended for explanation, elucidation, or adornment.

immeasurable

incapable of being measured; limitless:

impecunious

having little or no money; penniless; poor.

impervious

not permitting penetration or passage; impenetrable:

import

to bring in (merchandise, commodities, workers, etc.) from a foreign country for use, sale, processing, reexport, or services.

impropriety

the quality or condition of being improper; incorrectness.

incorporate

to form into a legal corporation.

indefatigable

incapable of being tired out; not yielding to fatigue; untiring.

indigenous

originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country; native (often fol. by to):

indomitable

that cannot be subdued or overcome, as persons, will, or courage; unconquerable:

infer

to derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence:

influence

the capacity or power of persons or things to be a compelling force on or produce effects on the actions, behavior, opinions, etc., of others:

inhibit

to restrain, hinder, arrest, or check (an action, impulse, etc.).

innocuous

not harmful or injurious; harmless:

inscrutable

incapable of being investigated, analyzed, or scrutinized; impenetrable.

jargon

the language, esp. the vocabulary, peculiar to a particular trade, profession, or group:

jettison

to cast (goods) overboard in order to lighten a vessel or aircraft or to improve its stability in an emergency.

legal

permitted by law; lawful:

ludicrous

causing laughter because of absurdity; provoking or deserving derision; ridiculous; laughable:

motley

exhibiting great diversity of elements; heterogeneous:

nocturnal

of or pertaining to the night (

notorious

widely and unfavorably known:

novice

a person who is new to the circumstances, work, etc., in which he or she is placed; beginner; tyro:

opus	a musical composition.

paradox

a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

particle

any lepton, hadron, photon, or graviton, the particles once thought to be the indivisible components of all matter or radiation.

perverse

willfully determined or disposed to go counter to what is expected or desired; contrary.

precocious

unusually advanced or mature in development, esp. mental development:

predict

to declare or tell in advance; prophesy; foretell:

predilection

a tendency to think favorably of something in particular; partiality; preference:

prerogative

an exclusive right, privilege, etc., exercised by virtue of rank, office, or the like:

prestige

reputation or influence arising from success, achievement, rank, or other favorable attributes.

primitive

being the first or earliest of the kind or in existence, esp. in an early age of the world:

proficient

well-advanced or competent in any art, science, or subject; skilled:

prohibit

to forbid (an action, activity, etc.) by authority or law:

promontory

a high point of land or rock projecting into the sea or other water beyond the line of coast; a headland.

property

that which a person owns; the possession or possessions of a particular owner:

psychology

the science of the mind or of mental states and processes.

query

a question; an inquiry.

rancor

bitter, rankling resentment or ill will; hatred; malice.

resilient

springing back; rebounding.

revolt

to break away from or rise against constituted authority, as by open rebellion; cast off allegiance or subjection to those in authority; rebel; mutiny:

salient

prominent or conspicuous:

sanguine

cheerfully optimistic, hopeful, or confident:

sequence

the following of one thing after another; succession.

sinecure

an office or position requiring little or no work, esp. one yielding profitable returns.

stock

a quantity of something accumulated, as for future use

sympathy

harmony of or agreement in feeling, as between persons or on the part of one person with respect to another.

tangible

capable of being touched; discernible by the touch; material or substantial.

temporal

of or pertaining to time.

countenance

the look or expression of the face, also approval or encouragement; moral support

auspicious

promising success, favored by fortune; prosperous

rhetoric

the undue use of exaggeration or display in writing or speech; bombast

benign

having a kindly disposition; showing or expressive of gentleness or kindness

mercurial

changeable, volatile, fickle, flighty and erratic

cogent

convincing or believable by virtue of forcible, clear, or incisive presentation

peruse

to read through with thoroughness or care, to examine in detail

precarious

dependent on circumstances beyond one's control; uncertain, unstable or insecure

assiduous

unremitting; constant in application or effort; working diligently at a task

diffident

lacking confidence in one's own ability, worth, or fitness; restrained or reserved in manner or conduct

fatuous

foolish or inane, especially in an unconscious, complacent manner; silly

platitude

a flat, dull, or trite remark uttered as if it were fresh or profound

feign

to invent fictitiously or deceptively, as a story or an excuse

belie

show to be false; to misrepresent or act unworthily according to some standard

chicanery

trickery or deception by quibbling or sophistry

harangue

a scolding or a long or intense verbal attack; a long, passionate, vehement speech delivered before a public gathering

impugn

to challenge as false; to cast doubt upon

peremptory

leaving no opportunity for denial or refusal; imperative, decisive or final

unique

existing as the only one or as the sole example; having no like or equal; unparalleled

amiable

having or showing pleasant, good-natured personal qualities; friendly, sociable

passion

any powerful or compelling emotion or feeling such as love or hate

aggregate

a sum, mass, or assemblage of particulars; a total gross amount

nonchalant

coolly unconcerned, indifferent, or unexcited; casual

annual

occurring or returning once a year

cynic

a person who believes that only selfishness motivates people and who disbelieves in selfless acts or disinterested points of view

versatile

capable of or adapted for turning easily from one to another of various tasks, fields of endeavor; capable of many uses

feasible

capable of being done, probable

despise

to regard with contempt, distaste, disgust, or disdain

augment

to make larger; enlarge in size, number, strength, or extent

venerable

commanding respect because of great age or impressive dignity; worthy of veneration or reverence

achieve

to bring to a successful end or accomplish; to attain by effort

abandon

to leave completely and finally; to give up

consecutive

following one another in uninterrupted succession or order; marked by logical sequence

evolution

any process of formation or growth and development

ponder

to consider something deeply and thoroughly; meditate

stringent

rigorously binding or exacting; strict or severe

logic

the science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference; a particular method of reasoning or argumentation

invasive

characterized by or involving intrusion

transgression

violation of a law, rule or command

absolute

free from imperfection; complete or pure; complete; not limited in any way

tyrant

a sovereign or other ruler who uses power oppressively or unjustly

management

the act or manner of managing; handling, direction, or control

ignore

to refrain from noticing or recognizing

perplexed

bewildered, puzzled, or confused

organic

a substance, as a fertilizer or pesticide, of animal or vegetable but not synthetic chemical origin

argue

to present reasons for or against a thing; to contend in oral disagreement

induction

the act of inducing, bringing about, or causing

missive

a written message or letter

depraved

corrupt, wicked, or perverted

inordinate

not within proper or reasonable limits; immoderate or excessive

continue

to go on after suspension or interruption; to go on or keep on, as in some course or action; to remain in a particular state or capacity

corporate

pertaining to a united group created by law having a continuous independent existence and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members

fluctuate

to change continually; shift back and forth

treat

to act or behave toward some specified way

emancipated

not constrained or restricted by custom, tradition, superstition; freed from slavery or bondage

industry

the aggregate of manufacturing or technically productive enterprises in a particular field, often named after its principal product

quest

a search made in order to find or obtain something

corruption

lacking of integrity because of dishonest proceedings; bribery

demand

to ask for with proper authority; to ask for urgently

mimic

to imitate or copy in action or speech, often playfully or derisively

murky

dark, gloomy, and cheerless

produce

to bring into existence; give rise to or cause

virus

a viral disease, or a corrupting influence on morals or the intellect

native

being the place or environment in which a person was born or a thing came into being

overcome

to get the better of in a struggle or conflict; to conquer or defeat

condition

a particular mode of being of a person or thing, the existing state or situation with respect to circumstances

pedestal

an architectural support for a column, statue or vase

construct

to build or form by putting together parts; frame or devise

satellite

a branch office or an off-campus facility of a university, that depends on, accompanies, or serves as an extension of a main office or organization

immune

protected from a disease; exempt or protected

verbal

expressed in spoken words; oral rather than written

pacify

to bring or restore to a state of peace or tranquility, or to reduce to a state of submission

revile

to assail with contemptuous or opprobrious language; address or speak of abusively

prosper

to be successful or fortunate financially; to thrive or flourish

fertile

bearing, producing, or capable of producing; prolific or abundantly productive

connote

to signify or suggest a certain meaning in addition to the explicit or primary meaning

recess

temporary withdrawal or break from the usual work or activity

annals

a record of events, especially a yearly record, historical records

figment

a mere product of mental invention; a fantastic notion

pathogen

any disease-producing agent, especially a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism

transformation

the act or process of transforming; change in form, appearance, nature, or character

admission

entrance granted by permission, by provision of pecuniary means, or by the removal of obstacles

vanquish

to conquer or subdue by superior force, as in battle; to defeat in any contest or conflict

respiration

inhalation and exhalation of air; breathing

rapid

occurring within a short time, happening speedily, swift

inhabit

to live or dwell in a place, to exist or be situated within

cosmos

the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system

frustrate

to make plans or efforts worthless, to defeat or disappoint

formulate

to express in precise form; to devise or develop, as a method to express in a formula

solve

to find the answer or explanation for; clear up or explain

animate

alive, possessing life, able to move voluntarily

invention

the power or faculty to create, devise or originate

meteor

a transient fiery streak in the sky produced by a meteoroid passing through the earth's atmosphere; a shooting star

predatory

characterized by plunder, pillage, robbery, or exploitation of others

adaptable

able to adjust oneself readily to different conditions

impale

to stick or fix upon a sharpened stake; to pierce with a sharpened stake thrust up through the body

bibliophile

a person who loves or collects books

unite

to join, combine, or incorporate so as to form a single whole or unit

therein

in that matter or circumstance

deduct

to take away, as from a sum or amount

factory

a building or group of buildings with facilities for the manufacture of goods

incubation

the act or process of maintain a favorable temperature and environment to promote development

consuming

strongly and urgently felt

sally

to set out on a side trip or excursion, to set out briskly or energetically

creditable

bringing or deserving credit, honor, reputation, or esteem

territorial

associated with, or restricted to a particular area or district

overshot

driven over the top of, as by water passing over from above

zenith

the point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer; the highest point or state

effect

something that is produced by a cause, a result or consequence

source

the origin or beginning of something

compensation

payment for services, loss, injury, suffering, etc.